Eflornithine is an anti-helminthic drug used to treat certain parasitic infections. It works by inhibiting the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase which reduces polyamine synthesis in parasites. This depletion of polyamines disrupts essential cellular processes leading to parasite death. In humans it is sometimes used as part of combination therapy for specific infections. The medication's effect is produced by its irreversible inhibition of a key metabolic enzyme in the organism. Overall Eflornithine reduces the viability of the target parasite without directly affecting host tissues.

Eflornithine is an antimetabolite drug that inhibits the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase. It was first synthesized as a potential cancer therapy before being repurposed for its activity against parasitic infections. In clinical practice it is used as a second-line therapy for the late stage of african sleeping sickness caused by trypanosoma brucei gambiense. The drug acts by blocking the irreversible decarboxylation of ornithine which is a key step in polyamine biosynthesis required for rapidly dividing cells. By preventing polyamine accumulation the compound induces growth arrest and cell death in the invading parasites. Because polyamine metabolism is less critical in human tissues the selectivity of inhibition gives Eflornithine a therapeutic window that can be exploited in controlled settings. Overall the medication demonstrates a mechanistic link between enzyme inhibition and antiparasitic efficacy by disrupting essential biosynthetic pathways in the pathogen.

Eflornithine may cause skin irritation in some patients. Dryness of the skin or mucous membranes has been reported. Abdominal discomfort and nausea are among the documented gastrointestinal effects. Loss of appetite and occasional weight loss have been observed. Diarrhea or loose stools can occur during treatment. Changes in blood counts such as decreased white blood cells or platelets have been noted. Headache and dizziness are infrequent but reported neurological symptoms. Mild hair loss has also been described in some individuals.

Eflornithine may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort in some patients. Headache and dizziness have been reported occasionally. Skin reactions such as rash or itching can develop. Fatigue or mild weakness may be experienced. Rarely, changes in taste perception have been noted. Most side effects are transient and resolve without intervention.