Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug that belongs to the class of heterocyclic acidic compounds. Therapeutically it is used to provide short term analgesic and antiinflammatory effects in postoperative and trauma patients. Its pharmacological action works by reversibly inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzymes cox-1 and cox-2, which reduces the synthesis of prostaglandins. By lowering prostaglandin levels in peripheral tissues, Ketorolac decreases inflammation and sensitizes nociceptive neurons to pain stimuli. The drug is absorbed rapidly after oral administration, distributes widely to bone marrow and plasma, and is primarily metabolized in the liver by glucuronidation. The resulting metabolites are excreted renally, and the unchanged parent compound contributes to the overall duration of analgesic activity. Unlike some other nsaids, Ketorolac has limited affinity for peripheral cox-2, which helps maintain a more selective inhibition of prostaglandin production at sites of tissue injury. Overall its pharmacodynamic profile supports a potent analgesic effect while exerting antiinflammatory actions through modulation of inflammatory mediators in the periphery.

Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug classified as a pyridine acetic acid derivative. Its pharmacological profile includes strong analgesic activity and inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis through selective cyclooxygenase inhibition. The medication reduces inflammation and pain by blocking the enzymes responsible for producing inflammatory mediators in peripheral tissues. This mechanism enables Ketorolac to provide short term relief of moderate to severe acute pain when opioid analgesia is not appropriate. Its formulation is intended for intravenous or intramuscular administration in clinical settings requiring rapid onset of effect. The drug's therapeutic purpose is to manage postoperative pain and other acute conditions that benefit from potent anti-inflammatory action. By modulating the inflammatory cascade, Ketorolac facilitates pain control without directly affecting central opioid receptors.

Ketorolac may cause stomach upset and nausea which can sometimes be severe. It can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding especially when taken with other nsaids. The drug may affect kidney function leading to reduced urine output or swelling. Some users experience dizziness or headache as central nervous system reactions. Rarely allergic skin reactions such as rash or itching can occur. Liver enzyme elevations have been reported in isolated cases.

Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti inflammatory medication used for short term pain relief. Common side effects include stomach irritation nausea and mild headache. Some individuals may experience dizziness or light headedness during treatment. Bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract can occur in some cases. Elevations in kidney function tests have been reported in certain patients. Skin reactions such as rash or itching may develop in sensitive individuals.