Xeloda is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil that is converted into active metabolites within cancer cells. It is used as chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer and metastatic breast cancer. The drug targets rapidly dividing cells by interfering with dna synthesis after being metabolized to 5-fluorouracil. The conversion steps involve intestinal enzymes forming 5-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine and subsequent oxidation to 5-fluorouracil. Once inside tumor cells, 5-fluorouracil is converted to fluorouridine monophosphate and fluorouridine diphosphate producing cytotoxicity. These actions lead to dna thrombocytopenia and inhibit rna synthesis resulting in antineoplastic effects. The overall pharmacological action of Xeloda depends on selective activation in malignant tissue followed by inhibition of thymidylate synthase.

Xeloda is an oral chemotherapy medication that contains the fluorinated nucleoside analogue capecitabine. It is used to treat certain cancers such as colorectal, breast, and colorectal cancers by targeting rapidly dividing tumor cells. After oral administration capecitabine is converted in a stepwise enzymatic process to 5-fluorouracil, the active anti-cancer agent. Conversion occurs preferentially within tumor tissue, leading to higher local concentrations of 5-fluorouracil where it is needed most. 5-fluorouracil interferes with dna synthesis by inhibiting thymidylate synthase and misincorporating into rna, ultimately causing cell death in proliferating cells. This mechanism provides cytotoxic activity against tumors while sparing most normal cells from excessive damage.

Xeloda may cause nausea in some patients. It can also lead to vomiting and diarrhea. Fatigue is a frequently reported side effect. Some individuals experience hand-foot syndrome involving redness and peeling on the palms and soles. The medication can result in decreased blood cell counts, leading to anemia or increased infection risk. Appetite loss is another common reaction. Numbness or tingling in the extremities may occur in certain cases. Most side effects are manageable with appropriate monitoring.

Xeloda may cause nausea in some patients. Fatigue is also reported frequently. Diarrhea can occur as a gastrointestinal side effect. Hand foot syndrome may develop with skin redness and peeling. Loss of appetite is observed in many individuals. Mouth sores or dryness can appear during treatment. Elevated liver enzymes are sometimes detected on blood tests.