Clomiphene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used primarily to stimulate ovulation in women with infertility. It is taken orally and acts by binding to estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus. This binding blocks negative feedback and increases the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. The resulting rise in gnrh prompts the pituitary gland to release more follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. These hormones promote the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles and trigger the release of a mature egg. The drug does not directly affect the ovary but indirectly enhances the hormonal signaling that regulates reproductive function.

Clomiphene is a synthetic nonsteroidal medication that functions as an estrogen receptor modulator. It binds to estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus and blocks the action of endogenous estrogen. This blockade mimics low estrogen levels and stimulates the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. The increased gnrh triggers the anterior pituitary to secrete more follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Elevated gonadotropins promote the development and maturation of ovarian follicles in women. The resulting rise in estradiol prepares the uterine lining for potential implantation.

Clomiphene can cause hot flashes and sweating. It may lead to abdominal discomfort or bloating. Some users experience breast tenderness or swelling. Mood changes such as irritability or depression are possible. Visual disturbances including blurred vision can occur. Rarely it may cause headaches or dizziness. These effects are usually mild and reversible after discontinuation.

Clomiphene may cause hot flashes in some users. It can lead to abdominal discomfort or bloating. Some people experience visual disturbances such as blurred vision. Mood changes including irritability or depression have been reported. The medication sometimes results in ovarian enlargement or pelvic pain. Rarely it can cause allergic reactions like rash or swelling.