Celecoxib is a prescription medication classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to relieve pain and inflammation. It is commonly prescribed for conditions such as arthritis and acute musculoskeletal injuries. The drug works by selectively inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2, which reduces the production of prostaglandins that cause pain and swelling. By targeting only cox-2, Celecoxib provides anti-inflammatory effects with less impact on stomach lining compared to nonselective nsaids. The inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis leads to decreased sensitisation of pain receptors in the peripheral tissues. This central and peripheral reduction in prostaglandin levels results in lower perception of pain and fever. Celecoxib is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and metabolised primarily by the liver enzyme cyp2c9 before excretion. The overall therapeutic effect is pain relief, decreased inflammation, and modest fever reduction through selective cox-2 blockade.

Celecoxib is a selective inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme used to relieve pain and inflammation. Its pharmacological profile is defined by high selectivity for the cox-2 isoform which reduces gastrointestinal side effects compared with nonselective nsaids. Celecoxib is administered orally and reaches peak plasma concentrations within two hours providing sustained suppression of prostaglandin synthesis. By blocking cox-2 the drug decreases the production of prostaglandins that mediate nociception fever and vasodilation thereby alleviating inflammatory pain. This mechanism also helps to limit the activation of immune cells that contribute to chronic inflammatory disorders such as arthritis. The selective inhibition of cox-2 thus provides therapeutic benefit through targeted reduction of inflammatory mediators while sparing the gastric mucosa.

Celecoxib may cause stomach pain or heartburn in some people. It can also lead to nausea or diarrhea as common gastrointestinal effects. Headache and dizziness are frequently reported neurological symptoms. Swelling of the lower legs or feet may occur due to fluid retention. Some users experience elevated blood pressure or palpitations. Skin reactions such as rash or itching are possible side effects. Less commonly, liver enzyme elevations or visual disturbances have been observed.

Celecoxib may cause gastrointestinal discomfort such as nausea and mild abdominal pain. Some users report occasional headache. Light dizziness often appears during treatment. Skin reactions including rash or itching can occur. Muscles may feel sore or stiff in some people. Occasional swelling of the lower extremities has been noted. Fatigue has also been reported in a minority of patients