Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension and chronic stable angina. It works by relaxing the smooth muscle of coronary and systemic blood vessels, thereby reducing peripheral vascular resistance. The drug selectively blocks l-type voltage-gated calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle, preventing calcium influx that drives contraction. This inhibition leads to vasodilation, which improves blood flow to the heart and lowers systemic arterial pressure. Reduced cardiac afterload decreases the workload on the myocardium, helping to relieve angina symptoms. Pharmacodynamically, the active metabolite inhibits calcium entry through l-type channels in smooth muscle cells, producing sustained vasodilatory effects without affecting cardiac contractility.

Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker used primarily to manage arterial hypertension and chronic stable angina. Its therapeutic role involves relaxing vascular smooth muscle to reduce systemic vascular resistance and improve myocardial oxygen supply. The drug is defined chemically as 2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]5-ethoxycarbonyl-3,4-dihydro-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate. Pharmacologically, it binds selectively to l-type voltage-gated calcium channels on vascular smooth muscle cells causing a reversible inhibition of calcium influx. By decreasing calcium-mediated contraction the medication leads to vasodilation and a consequent reduction in blood pressure. In the heart it modestly reduces coronary artery spasm which alleviates symptoms of angina pectoris. The overall effect of this selective vascular action lowers peripheral resistance without significant impact on heart rate or cardiac contractility. Its pharmacokinetic profile features a long half-life allowing once-daily administration and a high degree of plasma protein binding.

Amlodipine may cause peripheral edema which often appears as swelling in the ankles or lower legs. Some people experience dizziness or lightheadedness when getting up quickly. Headaches are a common reported symptom during treatment. Flushing or a warm sensation in the face can occur as a side effect. Occasionally, fatigue or unusual tiredness may be noted. In rare cases, an increased heart rate or palpitations have been observed.

Some people may feel dizziness or lightheadedness when standing up. Others experience swelling in the ankles or feet. Fatigue or unusual tiredness can also occur. Headaches are occasionally reported. Flushing of the skin may happen. Increased urination is a less common effect. Rarely, heart palpitations or irregular heartbeat may be noticed.