Urecholine is the commercial name for physostigmine a cholinesterase inhibitor applied topically to the eye. Its therapeutic role is to increase parasympathetic activity leading to miosis and enhanced aqueous humor outflow. The active ingredient works by reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase preventing breakdown of acetylcholine at ocular muscles. This results in contraction of the pupillary sphincter causing constriction of the pupil. The heightened cholinergic tone also relaxes the ciliary muscle improving lens accommodation. Physiologically the medication modulates the pathways that regulate pupil size and fluid drainage within the anterior chamber. Overall the drug promotes outflow of aqueous humor and reduces intraocular pressure by leveraging the cholinergic system.

Urecholine is the brand name for bethanechol a cholinergic agonist that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system. It works by directly activating muscarinic receptors in the bladder muscle to increase urine production and flow. This therapeutic role helps patients with urinary retention to empty their bladder more effectively. The drug's pharmacological profile includes rapid onset after oral administration and a short duration of action due to rapid metabolism. It selectively targets bladder smooth muscle without significantly affecting other organ systems. By mimicking the natural neurotransmitter acetylcholine Urecholine enhances coordinated bladder contractions to relieve obstruction.

Urecholine can cause dry mouth. It may lead to constipation. Some patients experience dizziness. Headache is another possible effect. Blurred vision may occur. Urinary retention has been reported. An increased heart rate is sometimes observed. Sweating may also be noted.

Common side effects of Urecholine include nausea and vomiting. Patients may also experience abdominal cramps or diarrhea. Sweating, flushing and headache are frequently reported. Dizziness and blurred vision can occur in some individuals. These effects are generally mild and transient. Serious reactions such as severe allergic responses are rare.